Are there any alternatives to CRMs?

The main drivers behind the ‘criticality’ of certain raw materials are the transition away from the use of fossil fuels towards other forms of energy conversion, limitations in the energy conversion technology portfolio due to socio-political limitations, the accelerated ‘digitalisation’, and the chosen socio-economic trajectory together with the paradigm of economic ‘growth’ without a more pronounced decoupling of growth from raw materials and energy use.